Columbia University faced a Thursday deadline to respond to nine demands on tightening restrictions on campus protests that the Trump administration says are preconditions for opening talks on restoring $400 million in suspended federal funding.
Among the demands, the administration wants the school to ban face masks on campus and seek arrest powers for its security employees. It also demands that Columbia reform its student admissions policies and adopt the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance definition of antisemitism, which encompasses some criticisms of Israel as a Jewish state.
The administration also demands that the university place its Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies department under academic receivership for at least five years, taking control away from its faculty.
A two-page letter addressed to Dr. Katrina Armstrong, the school's interim president, and Columbia's trustees sent on March 13 spelling out the conditions did not explain why receivership, in which control of a dysfunctional department is taken over by an outside administrator, was one of the demands.
The face-off between the private New York university and the White House is an extraordinary test of the extent of a president's executive powers. Columbia's response is being watched by other schools the administration has sanctioned as it advances its policy objectives in areas ranging from protests to transgender sports and diversity initiatives.
Trump and some pro-Israel lawmakers in Congress say the pro-Palestinian protests intimidated Jewish students and staff, and accuse Columbia of allowing antisemitic harassment.
The university has defended itself by saying it has worked to balance freedom of expression without tolerating antisemitism or other prejudice. Protesters, including some Jewish students, say criticism of Israel is being wrongly conflated with antisemitism.
The American Association of University Professors, some Columbia faculty and students and civil rights groups have accused Trump of authoritarianism and violating constitutional rights to free speech and due process.
"The subjugation of universities to state power is a hallmark of autocracy," Todd Wolfson, president of the American Association of University Professors, said in a statement.
The Trump administration announced on March 7 that it was immediately cancelling federal grants and contracts at Columbia, without following the usual lengthy investigation and hearings process in the Civil Rights Act. The administration has declined to say which grants and contracts were targeted.
The next day, federal immigration agents arrested Palestinian student activist Mahmoud Khalil, a prominent figure in last year's protests, saying the government had canceled his permanent residency green card because his presence was contrary to U.S. foreign policy interests.
Khalil said in a statement from a Louisiana immigrants jail this week that he is a political prisoner, and he is fighting the government's efforts to deport him in court.
UNIVERSITY SENATE
Many of the administration's demands entail policy changes that would have to pass its University Senate, made up of elected students, staff, alumni and faculty. Columbia has shared governance with the senate since the late 1960s, when anti-war students organized disruptive protests in which they seized control of buildings and briefly held a dean hostage.
The senate has repeatedly criticized any signs of Columbia administration side-stepping its governance powers, including in April when the administration, without senate permission, called police on campus to arrest student protesters for the first time since 1968. The senate declined to advance a proposed mask ban earlier this year.
In New York, arrest powers can only be granted to private citizens, such as Columbia security employees, by a state or local government body.
In a campus-wide message on Wednesday, Armstrong wrote that Columbia "will not waver from our principles and the values of academic freedom and free expression that have guided this institution for the last 270 years."
She described the various ways the school has combated harassment and prejudice on campus and promised a new webpage to report the school's progress. She did not address how the school would respond to specific demands.
Pro-Palestinian students have demanded for years that Columbia end investments of its $14.8 billion endowment in weapons makers and other companies that support Israel's military occupation of Palestinian territories. The school said it was willing to expedite consideration of the divestment demands by an investment advisory committee.
(This story has been refiled to add bullet points)
