French President Emmanuel Macron set off a political earthquake on Sunday when he called snap legislative elections for later this month after he was trounced in the European Union vote by Marine Le Pen's far-right party.
Macron's shock decision represents a major gamble on his political future, three years before his presidency ends. If Le Pen's National Rally (RN) party wins a parliamentary majority, Macron would be left with little sway over domestic affairs.
Macron said the EU result was grim for his government, and one he could not ignore. In an address to the nation, less than two months before Paris hosts the Olympics, he said lower house elections would be called for June 30, with a second-round vote on July 7.
"This is an essential time for clarification," Macron said. "I have heard your message, your concerns and I will not leave them unanswered ... France needs a clear majority to act in serenity and harmony."
Led by telegenic 28-year-old Jordan Bardella, the RN won about 32% of the vote in Sunday's vote, more than double the Macron ticket's 15%, according to the first exit polls. The Socialists came within a whisker of Macron, with 14%.
Le Pen, widely seen as the frontrunner for the 2027 election in which Macron is unable to stand, welcomed his decision.
"We are ready to take over power if the French give us their trust in the upcoming national elections," she said at a rally.
Macron's Renaissance party currently has 169 lower house lawmakers, out of a total of 577. The RN has 88.
If the RN wins a majority, Macron would still direct defence and foreign policy, but would lose the power to set the domestic agenda, from economic policy to security.
"Emmanuel Macron is a poker player, we've seen that tonight," said Green Party lawmaker Sandrine Rousseau.
UNCOMFORTABLE "COHABITATION"
Macron's gambit has echoes of Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez's move to call a snap national election last year after the far right thrashed his party in local government polls.
Sanchez managed to retain power but only after months of wrangling with regional parties and a controversial deal to offer an amnesty to Catalan separatists.
France has known so-called "cohabitation" periods before, when the president is from a different political party than the parliamentary majority. In such cases, the majority party's prime minister becomes France's top domestic decision-maker.
In the last such period, from 1997-2002, President Jacques Chirac played second fiddle to Socialist Prime Minister Lionel Jospin.
The euro fell 0.1% in early trading in Asia to $1.0790, reflecting the uncertainty.
Jan Von Gerich, the chief market analyst for Nordea in Helsinki, said the snap election "is a new source of uncertainty, which should have some negative impact on economic and market confidence, at least in France."
But he said the EU results may not directly translate to an upcoming parliamentary victory for Le Pen, "due to a different election system and also often a bigger share of protest voting on the European election stage."
Macron's decision underlined what was a grim night for centrist parties across Europe, with Eurosceptic nationalists making the biggest gains in the European Parliament vote.
Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk, a fellow centrist, said Macron "had no choice but to dissolve the parliament."
"This is a lesson for us," he added.
SUCCESSION BATTLE HEATS UP
Macron's advisers said the president made his decision after this week's 80th anniversary of the D-Day landings in Normandy, when he met people out and about who said they were tired of endless political infighting in parliament.
Le Pen and Bardella sought to frame the EU election as a mid-term referendum on Macron's mandate, tapping into discontent with immigration, crime and a two-year inflation crisis.
Le Pen's strong showing, notching a 10-point increase on the last EU election in 2019, could lure conservative rebels to her party and also put pressure on Macron's centrist camp as the succession battle to replace him heats up.
Several big names - including Interior Minister Gerald Darmanin, former Prime Minister Edouard Philippe, the current one, Gabriel Attal, and Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire - are all eager to take the top job, political sources say.
"We'll have to do some soul-searching and explain to the French why we haven't been able to listen to them enough," Darmanin said in comments prior to Macon's announcement. He added that he had "no fear" of elections.
Sunday's results also saw the resurgence of the French centre-left, with Socialist candidate Raphael Glucksmann, a pro-Ukraine moderate, who won some 14%. His strong showing will embolden the Socialists, who had faced electoral oblivion after Macron's 2017 election win.
