A U.S. stock market perched at record highs received an encouraging message from the Federal Reserve, after the central bank stuck with its rate cut projections for 2024 despite stronger-than-expected economic growth.
For weeks, evidence of robust growth and stubborn inflation had whittled away at the market’s expectations for how deeply the U.S. central bank will cut rates this year, even as stocks continued climbing.
On Wednesday, however, Fed Chairman Jerome Powell said the evidence of economic strength had not changed the Fed's expectations that price pressures will continue to ease. While the central bank substantially upgraded its economic growth forecasts, it left unchanged its projection for a total of 75 basis points in rate cuts for 2024, a reassuring signal for investors who have piled into stocks on expectations of an economic "soft landing," in which the Fed is able to tame inflation without hurting growth.
“This is a Fed that wants to cut rates and believes inflation is coming down and will continue to come down," said Jason Draho, head of asset allocation Americas for UBS Global Wealth Management.
While not all investors were confident the Fed will be able to deliver on its rate cut projections, Wednesday's market reaction was positive.
The S&P 500 (.IXIC) ended up 0.9% and notched a new closing high, while the Nasdaq Composite (.IXIC) jumped 1.25%. The yield on the benchmark 10-year Treasury , which moves inversely to prices, was last lower at about 4.28%.
The Fed late last year helped drive an equities rally when it signaled a coming pivot to rate cuts, following a hiking cycle aimed at bringing down inflation that had reached 40-year highs. The Fed last raised rates in July 2023.
But investors this year have had to temper their expectations for easing, reducing estimates for cuts from 150 basis points priced into futures markets at the start of January to around 80 basis points.
While the Fed left its rate cut projections unchanged on Wednesday, it did acknowledge the economy’s strength, raising its forecast to 2.1% expansion in 2024, from an earlier forecast of 1.4%.
The projections align with those held by many investors: 62% of fund managers in a recent survey by BofA Global Research said they expected an economic soft landing.
"I think markets love that notion that (the Fed) is willing to let inflation run a little bit hot, that they're willing to have growth re-accelerate,” said Matthew Miskin, co-chief investment strategist at John Hancock Investment Management.
Miskin is overweight U.S. large cap stocks relative to his benchmark. Draho, of UBS, has a larger-than-usual position in small caps relative to large caps in his portfolios in part because he sees the U.S. economy closer to the start of a business cycle than toward the end, which should benefit companies with more domestic exposure. The small-cap-focused Russell 2000 index is up 2.4% year-to-date.
Still, some investors were doubtful the Fed would be able to deliver 75 basis points of easing shown in its "dot plot," which shows the rates outlook of each of the Fed's 19 policymakers, given the underlying strength of the economy and the stickiness of inflation, which remains above the Fed’s 2% target.
Indeed, investors last year had expected the Fed to begin cutting rates in March, but views have shifted, with futures markets now priced for a June cut.
“I am skeptical,” said Eric Vanraes, head of fixed income at Eric Sturdza investments in Geneva, Switzerland. The Fed’s views of growth are “not really consistent with three rate cuts.”
Expectations of a tougher slog were reflected in the Fed’s projections, which suggest policymakers may be more inclined to keep rates higher for longer to make sure inflation does not stall out above their goal, or flare up again.
Nine of the Fed's 19 policymakers see three quarter-point rate cuts this year, and nine see two or less. Only one penciled in more cuts than the median, compared with five in December.
Jon Mondillo, head of North American fixed income at abrdn, said he was looking to add duration, a measure of a bond portfolio's sensitivity to interest rates, but wanted to wait for more confirmation that the Fed is on the path to easing.
“Let’s not forget that when we look at the dot plot it would have taken only one more member to shift to two 25-basis-point cuts,” he said.
