The central bank said in its release that the hike was needed to fight inflation, currently at 8.4%, fuelled by massive budget spending, adding that inflationary expectations among the public have reached their highest level since the start of the year.

"Further tightening of monetary policy is required to ensure that inflation returns to target and to reduce inflation expectations," the regulator said.

The regulator maintained hawkish rhetoric, saying another hike was possible at the next meeting. It also updated its inflation forecast for 2025 to 4.5-5.0%, signalling that the 4% target for the next year was out of reach.

"The central bank admitted that it will not be able to bring inflation back to target next year," said economist Evgeny Kogan, calling the move "a capitulation in the face of inflation".

Most analysts polled by Reuters had expected a 100 bps hike. The decision takes into account Russia's new draft budget, seen as inflationary due to increased military spending and a higher-than-expected deficit of 1.7% of GDP for this year.

"Additional fiscal budgetary expenditures and the associated increase in the federal budget deficit in 2024 have pro-inflationary effects," the regulator said.

The rate is also the highest since the key rate was introduced in 2013, replacing the refinancing rate as the main market guidance.

Soon after Putin came to power in 2000, he launched economic reforms to stabilize the economy after the 1998 financial meltdown that enabled the central bank to bring the refinancing rate to below 20% in February 2003 and keep it below this level ever since.

The current weakness of the Russian currency, with the official exchange rate against the U.S. dollar down by over 12% since early August, is also viewed by analysts as a strong inflationary factor.

RATE HIKE

The hike also reflects political support for the central bank's leadership, which faced unprecedented pressure from some of Russia's most powerful businessmen, including the heads of the country's largest oil and defence companies, to halt the tightening cycle.

Official data shows, however, that despite the tightening measures, corporate lending has not slowed down.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF), which cancelled its mission to Russia last month following protests by several European countries, reduced its forecast for Russia's economic growth by 0.2% to 1.3% in 2025 from 3.6% this year.

The fund cited slowing consumption and investment growth amid a less tight labour market and more moderate wage growth. The fund stated that its projections assume the central bank is adopting a tight monetary policy stance.

Russia officially forecasts economic growth slowing to 2.5% from the expected 3.9% growth this year.

The central bank raised the interest rate to 20% in February 2022 to calm markets unsettled by Russia's actions in Ukraine and to stop capital outflow. It lowered the rate to 17% in April 2022.