Climate policy analysts said the framework was an important step forward, but fell short by continuing to allow government support for oil and gas projects that plan to reduce emissions through technologies such as carbon capture and storage (CCS).

The framework will apply to existing tax measures and 129 non-tax measures, but Ottawa will not cancel any ongoing multi-year subsidy agreements that are already in place.

The government has not put a dollar value on the subsidies impacted, or published an inventory of exactly which subsidies are included.

"This ensures that the only federal support for oil and gas goes to projects that decarbonize the sector and result in significant greenhouse gas emissions reductions," federal Environment Minister Steven Guilbeault told a press conference.

Fossil fuel actives will be exempt from the framework if they fall into one of six categories: enabling significant carbon emissions reductions, supporting clean energy, providing essential energy to a remote community or short-term support for an emergency response, supporting Indigenous participation in fossil fuel activities or are projects that have a credible plan to reach net-zero by 2030.

Eliminating fossil fuel subsidies is part of a 2022 deal signed between Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's minority Liberal and the New Democratic Party (NDP), formalising NDP support for the government.

The NDP critic for Climate Change and Environment, Laurel Collins, said the new rules did not go far enough.

"While we know that we had to fight like hell to get the Liberals where they are today, it is clear that this announcement doesn't meet the urgency of the moment when climate disasters are putting everything we value at risk," Collins said.

CCS 'LOOPHOLES'

Laura Cameron, policy advisor for the International Institute of Sustainable Development, praised the framework for using the internationally recognised World Trade Organisation definition of a subsidy, but criticised continuing support for oil and gas projects planning to build CCS.

Canada, the world's fourth-largest oil producer, expects the technology to play a major role in decarbonizing the industry and last year announced a CCS investment tax credit.

The Pathways Alliance, a collaboration between Canada's six largest oil sands producers, is planning to develop a C$16.5 billion ($12.53 billion) CCS hub in northern Alberta. Pathways President Kendall Dilling said in a statement that the organization was pleased the framework recognized the need for government partnership on its project.

Climate campaigners Environmental Defence also criticised the framework for not applying to public financing of fossil fuel projects through government-owned crown corporations, such the loan guarantees for the C$30.9 billion Trans Mountain pipeline expansion project.

Ottawa plans to release a framework to phase out public financing of fossil fuel projects within the next year.

"The Government of Canada must quickly take the final step and end all fossil financing – without any loopholes for fossil gas, fossil hydrogen or CCS," Environmental Defence program manager Julia Levin said in a statement.

($1 = 1.3164 Canadian dollars)