A new Australian law will toughen restrictions on how industries and universities share defence technology with foreigners, while exempting AUKUS partners Britain and the United States from such controls, a draft of the measure shows.
The law is meant to replicate U.S. export controls to defence technology, seen as a key step to beginning the AUKUS plan to build a new class of nuclear-powered submarine in Australia and Britain.
Scrutiny by the U.S. State Department of Australia's ability to protect defence secrets has partly contributed to delays by the U.S. Congress in passing legislation to allow the sale of Virginia-class submarines to Australia and enable greater sharing of defence technology for AUKUS.
The proposed law creates three criminal offences, further restricts sharing of defence technology to foreign persons inside and outside Australia, while allowing licence-free sharing among the AUKUS partners.
"This is pivotal legislation which is critical for establishing a seamless industrial base with our AUKUS partners," Defence Minister Richard Marles said in a statement on Tuesday.
Australia needs to reform its defence industry to remove "burdensome red tape" with Britain and the U.S., he added.
Australia's science academy said on Tuesday it was concerned at the impact on scientific collaboration with other nations, including China.
"It expands Australia's backyard to include the U.S. and the UK, but it raises the fence," Professor Chennupati Jagadish, president of the Australian Academy of Science, said in a speech on Tuesday.
Jagadish, a semiconductor and nanotechnology scientist, said the new rules could require closed research facilities.
Australian universities are reliant on international collaboration, and a third of research students came from overseas - with China the top source, he said.
"The global science system is more vulnerable than it has ever been due to decisions taken by states as they respond to security challenges," he said at a conference in Canberra.
Australia had also signed an agreement with the Organisation for Joint Armament Cooperation, whose members are France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Belgium and Spain, for the exchange of classified information to support its defence equipment program, Marles said on Tuesday.
