The European Central Bank is set to decide on Thursday whether to raise its key interest rate to a record peak in what should be its final step in the fight against inflation, or take a break as the economy deteriorates.
The central bank for the 20 countries that share the euro faces a dilemma. Even after nine consecutive rate hikes, prices are rising at more than twice its 2% target and are not expected to slow to that level for another two years.
But higher borrowing costs across much of the world and China's economic malaise are taking a toll on economic growth, with a recession in the euro zone now a distinct possibility.
Analysts and investors had been leaning towards a pause in the ECB's rate increases until Reuters reported on Tuesday that the central bank was set to raise its forecast for inflation next year to more than 3%, bolstering the argument for a hike.
Policymakers saw the 2024 projection as crucial to determine whether inflation, currently still above 5%, was heading back to target or risked getting stuck at a higher level for too long.
"The inflation momentum is simply too strong for the ECB to pause," Danske Bank economist Piet Haines Christiansen said.
A majority of economists in a Sept 5-7 Reuters poll had expected the ECB to hold rates steady this week, but with the mood shifting money markets now assign a 65% chance of a hike, expected to be the last in a cycle that began in July 2022. 0#ECBWATCH.
An increase of 25 basis points on Thursday would take the rate the ECB pays on bank deposits to 4.0%, the highest level since the euro was launched in 1999.
Just 14 months ago, that rate was languishing at a record low of minus 0.5%, meaning banks had to pay to park their cash securely at the central bank.
NEW FORECASTS
Supporters of a hike this week are likely to argue it is needed because inflation, including underlying measures that strip out volatile components, remains too high, with a recent surge in energy prices threatening a new acceleration.
But the brisk tightening cycle - twice as steep as normally envisaged by the ECB's own stress tests of the banking sector - has already left its mark on the euro zone economy.
With the manufacturing sector, which typically needs more capital to operate, already suffering as a result of higher borrowing costs, lending to companies and households has fallen off a cliff.
Services has now also started to struggle following a brief post-pandemic boom in tourism.
The euro zone's biggest economy, Germany, is bearing the brunt of an industrial slump and heading for recession, according to several forecasts.
On Thursday, the ECB is also expected to cuts its growth projections for this year and next, leading some economists to argue it should hold off from raising rates this month.
"While core inflation is only showing tentative signs of easing, the growth outlook has darkened quickly, implying less need for tightening," Natixis economist Dirk Schumacher said.
Once its rate increases end, the ECB is likely to begin a debate on mopping up more of the cash it pumped into the banking system through various stimulus schemes over the last decade, although no decision on that matter was expected this week.
