China's President Xi Jinping on Monday urged Vietnam to cooperate in preserving global supply chains amid disruptions caused by U.S. tariffs, as he kicks off a three-nation trip to Southeast Asia in the Vietnamese capital of Hanoi.
The visit, planned for weeks, comes as Beijing faces 145% U.S. duties, while Vietnam is negotiating a reduction of threatened U.S. tariffs of 46% that would otherwise apply in July after a global moratorium expires.
"There are no winners in trade wars and tariff wars, and protectionism has no way out," Xi said in an article posted ahead of his arrival on Monday on Nhandan, the newspaper of Vietnam's Communist Party.
"We must firmly safeguard the multilateral trading system, maintain the stability of the global industrial and supply chains, and maintain the international environment for open cooperation," he said.
Under pressure from Washington, Vietnam is tightening controls on some trade with China to make sure goods exported to the United States with a "Made in Vietnam" label have sufficient added value in the country to justify that.
Vietnam imports most goods from China while the United States is its main export market. The country is a major source of electronics, shoes and apparel for the United States.
In the first three months of this year Hanoi imported goods worth about $30 billion from Beijing while its exports to Washington amounted to $31.4 billion, Vietnam's customs data show, confirming a long-term trend in which imports from China closely match the value and swings of exports to Washington.
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Xi will visit Vietnam from April 14 to 15, and Malaysia and Cambodia from April 15 to 18. He last visited Cambodia and Malaysia nine and 12 years ago, respectively.
Xi's trip to Hanoi, his second in less than 18 months, aims to consolidate relations with a strategic neighbour that has received billions of dollars of Chinese investments in recent years as China-based manufacturers moved south to avoid tariffs imposed by the first Trump administration.
The two Communist-run countries are set to sign about 40 agreements in multiple sectors, Vietnam's Deputy Prime Minister Bui Thanh Son said on Saturday.
Vietnam's top leader To Lam in an article published on Monday on state media said Hanoi wanted to boost cooperation in defence, security and infrastructure, especially on rail links.
It was unclear whether the agreements would be binding and entail financial commitments.
Vietnam has agreed to use Chinese loans to build new railways between the two countries, in a major confidence-building step that would boost bilateral trade and connections.
However, no loan agreement has yet been announced.
Beijing is also seeking Vietnam's approval for its COMAC planes, which have so far struggled to find foreign buyers.
Despite strong economic ties, tensions frequently surface between the countries over contested boundaries in the South China Sea.
Vietnam's concessions to the U.S. to avoid tariffs may also irritate Beijing, as they include the deployment of Elon Musk's Starlink satellite communication service in the Southeast Asian nation, in addition to the crackdown on some trade with China over possible fraud on rules of origin.
Vietnam, in recent months, has also imposed anti-dumping duties on several Chinese steel products and ended a tax waiver for low-value parcels in a move that government officials described as meant to reduce the inflow of cheap Chinese goods.
The two other countries on Xi's Southeast Asia itinerary, Cambodia and Malaysia, are facing U.S. duties of 49% and 24%, respectively, and have already begun reaching out to the U.S. to seek a reprieve.
