The centerpiece of Intel's five-year spending plan is turning empty fields near Columbus, Ohio, into what CEO Pat Gelsinger described to reporters on Tuesday as "the largest AI chip manufacturing site in the world" starting as soon as 2027.
The U.S. government announced the federal funds to Intel under the CHIPS Act on Wednesday, sending its shares up 4% in premarket trading.
Intel's plan will also involve revamping sites in New Mexico and Oregon, and expanding operations in Arizona, where longtime rival Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co (2330.TW) is also building a massive factory that it hopes will receive funding from President Joe Biden's push to bring advanced semiconductor manufacturing back to the U.S.
The funds provided by Biden's plan for a broader chip making renaissance will go a long way to help Intel mend its wounded business model.
For decades, Intel led the world in making the fastest and smallest semiconductors, selling them at a premium price and plowing the profits back into more research and development to stay ahead of the pack.
But Intel lost that manufacturing edge in the 2010s to TSMC and its profit margins plummeted as it cut prices to keep market share with inferior products.
Gelsinger announced a plan in 2021 to return Intel to the No. 1 position, but to make the plan profitable, he has said he would need government support.
With that assistance in hand, it's now time for Intel to spend.
Gelsinger said about 30% of the $100 billion plan will be spent on construction costs such as labor, piping and concrete. The remaining will go to buying chipmaking tools from firms such as ASML (ASML.AS), Tokyo Electron (8035.T), Applied Materials (AMAT.O) and KLA (KLAC.O), among others.
Those tools will help bring the Ohio site online by 2027 or 2028, though Gelsinger warned the timeline could slip if the chip market takes a dive. Beyond grants and loans, Intel plans to make most of the purchases from its existing cash flows.
Gelsinger has previously said that a second round of U.S. funding for chip factories likely will be needed to re-establish the United States as a leader in semiconductor manufacturing, which he reiterated on Tuesday.
"It took us three-plus decades to lose this industry. It's not going to come back in three to five years of CHIPS Act" funding, said Gelsinger, who referred to the low-interest-rate funding as "smart capital".
However, even with the federal backing, Intel needs to show that it can compete with its Taiwanese and Korean rivals sooner rather than later, said Ben Bajarin, CEO of analyst firm Creative Strategies.
"It will be important to know how much longer 'smart capital' is needed for Intel before they can stand on their own," Bajarin said.
Overall, though, Intel would be the most important chipmaker for U.S. interests even as rivals build in the country, said Jimmy Goodrich, a semiconductor export and technology adviser at RAND Corp.
"Only Intel has the workforce, technology, and supply chain that is largely U.S. centric. So while what TSMC and Samsung are doing here is important and should be welcomed, it's also important to have a strong home team," he said.
