Led by the U.S. Federal Reserve, developed market central banks in September delivered their biggest interest rate cut push since the easing wave at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, while Brazil kicked off a fresh tightening cycle.
Five of the nine central banks overseeing the 10 most heavily traded currencies that held meetings in September lowered benchmarks. The Fed delivered a bumper 50 basis point (bps) rate cut to kickstart its easing cycle while Sweden, Switzerland, Canada and the euro area shaved off 25 bps.
That was the biggest easing effort by this group of developed central banks since they cut a cumulative 615 bps in March 2020 to shore up economies engulfed in pandemic turmoil. Attention has now moved on to how deep and how long the rate cutting cycle across developed markets could be.
"After the Fed cut by 50 basis points, what they communicated was important - saying we are on alert, we know what's going on, we see employment growth slowing and we're not asleep at the wheel," said Tatjana Greil Castro, global co-head of public markets at Muzinich & Co.
"Unless there's an external shock, this is likely to be a shallower cycle, meaning the U.S. ends with rates at around 3-3.5% and Europe and at around 2-2.25%."
The picture was more mixed across emerging markets, and the bumper Fed cut would not give everyone the same room for manoeuvre.
"Central banks in emerging markets will have to protect currencies and fund flows," said Alexis Taffin de Tilques, head of debt capital markets CEEMEA at BNP Paribas. "The last thing they want to do is to have outflows and put their currencies under pressure."
Thirteen of the Reuters sample of 18 central banks in developing economies held rate-setting meetings in September.
Two of those delivered hikes.
And Russia, which has been grappling with a pressured rouble, raised rates by 100 bps.
Meanwhile seven emerging central banks delivered interest rate cuts - Indonesia, Mexico, South Africa, Czech Republic, Hungary, Chile and Colombia, lowering rates between them by 200 bps. The remaining four left rates unchanged.
The latest moves in emerging markets took the tally of cuts since the start of the year to 1,525 bps across 36 moves - outstripping last year's total of 945 bps of easing.
Total hikes so far in 2024 stood at 1,100 bps.
