Energizer Holdings Inc (ENR.N) and Walmart Inc (WMT.N) have been sued by consumers and retailers in three proposed class actions accusing them of conspiring to raise the prices of disposable batteries.
According to complaints filed on Friday, Energizer agreed "under pressure from Walmart" to inflate wholesale battery prices for other retailers starting around January 2018, and require those retailers not to undercut Walmart on price.
Walmart rivals allegedly risked higher wholesale prices or being cut off by Energizer, the largest U.S. disposable battery maker, if they charged less at checkout than Walmart, the world's largest retailer.
The scheme resulted in higher prices from Energizer and Berkshire Hathaway-owned (BRKa.N) Duracell, which together control 85% of the disposable battery market, that inflation and changes in demand could not explain, the complaints said.
Energizer had been trying to recover sales lost in 2013 when Walmart ended its exclusive battery contract with the retailer's Sam's Club unit, and created a team, Project Atlas, that worked to ensure Walmart's prices would be lowest, the complaints added.
Walmart said it takes "allegations like this seriously and will respond in court as appropriate," in a statement to Reuters. Energizer did not respond to a request for comment on Saturday. Duracell is not a defendant.
The lawsuits, filed in federal court in San Francisco, seek unspecified compensatory and triple damages under federal and state antitrust laws and various state consumer protection laws. They also seek injunctions to block Energizer from tying battery sales to pricing, and require Energizer and Walmart to "dissipate" the effects of their anticompetitive conduct.
According to the plaintiffs, Energizer's share of the U.S. disposable battery market has risen to more than 50% from 40% in 2018.
The complaints quote an Energizer sales representative telling the chief executive of Walmart rival Portable Power Inc, which had been charging lower prices, on an early 2021 phone call why Energizer was cutting it off.
"She admitted that Energizer had adjusted its pricing policies at Walmart's request, telling him, 'This is 1000% about Walmart and wanting the best price,'" she was quoted as saying.
Portable Power is leading the retailers' lawsuit.
The cases in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, are: Copeland et al v Energizer Holdings Inc et al, No. 23-02087; Portable Power Inc v Energizer Holdings Inc et al, No. 23-02091, and Schuman et al v Energizer Holdings Inc et al, No. 23-02093.
