The compensation system for flight attendants in the U.S. and Canada is under attack in new contract negotiations that could lead to big pay raises for cabin crews, but higher costs for airlines.
Thousands of cabin crews at carriers in both countries are demanding to be paid for more of their hours at work - a fundamental change from how the industry currently compensates them by paying largely when the aircraft is in motion.
As U.S. and Canadian carriers negotiate labor contracts, flight attendants are piling pressure on their unions to end the practice of "free work," such as when boarding passengers and waiting around the airport in between flights.
A tentative contract agreement presented this week to cabin crews at Canadian leisure carrier Transat AT (TRZ.TO), for example, is offering pay provisions for tasks that are currently unpaid, according to a person familiar with the matter.
Melius Research estimates that offering boarding pay alone will inflate the annual wage bill at U.S. airlines by more than $700 million.
Holding the line on costs, however, runs the risk of fueling staff resentment and turnover that could cause travel turmoil.
Flight attendants at Southwest Airlines (LUV.N) rejected a contract deal this month that lacked boarding pay, but would have made them the highest-paid cabin crews in the industry. The carrier reached a $12 billion deal with its pilots on Tuesday.
"We are cleaning up diapers and we are cleaning up vomit without being paid," said one Southwest flight attendant who requested anonymity for fear of reprisal. She said she recently voted against the company's contract offer. "It's time to change the antiquated industry."
Their counterparts at Alaska Air (ALK.N) are seeking similar concessions and have decided to hold a strike authorization vote early next year for the first time in two decades.
PUSHBACK
Against this backdrop of flight-attendant discontent, airlines are pushing back, unions say.
United has rejected proposals to pay flight cabin crew for all duty hours, and has instead proposed longer work hours, Diaz said. American Airlines (AAL.O) is open to boarding pay only under certain conditions, its flight attendant union head said.
United and American said they want "industry-leading" deals for their flight attendants. American's spokesperson said the company's proposal includes boarding pay and will translate into salaries of $80,000 a year for flight attendants who work an average of 71 hours a month - up 20% from what they earn at present. The company's union has asked for a 50% increase in wages over four years.
Alaska Air said it remains open to alternative pay structures proposed by the union. Transat declined to comment ahead of a vote by cabin crew.
Union officials say flight attendants have endured a lot since the pandemic - having to deal with unruly passengers and enforce the politically controversial mask mandate on planes, but their wages have remained stagnant.
They have also been encouraged by hefty pay raises and improvements in working conditions for pilots, as well as other more generous deals reached in other industries.
The Canadian Union of Public Employees, which represents 18,500 flight attendants, plans to ask a labor board next year to decide for the first time whether the unpaid work violates the country's labor code. It estimates its members on average work 35 hours a month without pay.
Similarly, in the United States, Dominique Tuggle, 32, a flight attendant at American, cited a recent trip when she worked almost 12 hours, but was paid for only about 7 hours.
Tuggle, who lives in Dallas, said stagnant wages and lack of pay for a large portion of her workday have forced her to dabble in the stock market in order to make ends meet.
"The contract is the only means to rectify it," Tuggle said. "It is now or never."
